Risk reduction of electrical hazards

ABSTRACT

An apparatus includes an enclosure, a power switch, one or more power converters and a wire. The enclosure may include a door. The power switch may be mounted inside the enclosure and configured to switch electrical power from a line-side power line to a load-side power line. The load-side power line may be configured to transfer the electrical power outside of the enclosure to an industrial control panel. The one or more power converters may be configured to generate a low-voltage electrical power from the electrical power. The wire may be configured to transfer the low-voltage electrical power outside of the enclosure.

This application relates to U.S. application Ser. No. 16/272,149, filed Feb. 11, 2019, which relates to U.S. application Ser. No. 15/444,717, filed Feb. 28, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,212,839, which relates to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/389,755, filed Mar. 9, 2016, each of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to industrial control power distribution generally and, more particularly, to a method and/or apparatus for implementing risk reduction of electrical hazards.

BACKGROUND

Per the North American workplace electrical safety standards published by the National Fire Protection Association and the Canadian Standards Association, a conventional industrial control panel is considered energized until validated to be de-energized. The validation is completed using an adequately rated voltage detector. Depending on a risk category of the installation being serviced, personal protection equipment of varying degrees is worn by an electrical worker to complete the validation as the validation involves the electrical worker being within a prohibited approach boundary of the electrical hazard.

After a main power disconnect switch has been opened and a load side circuit confirmed de-energized, a top area of the main power disconnect switch inside the industrial control panel is still energized. With a door of the industrial control panel open, the presence of live conductors exposes the electrical worker to potential electrocution and arc-flash hazards. In such a case, the appropriate personal protection equipment should be worn the entire time the panel is being worked on by the electrical worker. The personal protection equipment for typical industrial installations is expensive, cumbersome and time consuming to don.

It would be desirable to implement a method and/or apparatus for implementing risk reduction of electrical hazards.

SUMMARY

The invention concerns an apparatus including an enclosure, a power switch, one or more power converters and a wire. The enclosure may include a door. The power switch may be mounted inside the enclosure and configured to switch electrical power from a line-side power line to a load-side power line. The load-side power line may be configured to transfer the electrical power outside of the enclosure to an industrial control panel. The one or more power converters may be configured to generate a low-voltage electrical power from the electrical power. The wire may be configured to transfer the low-voltage electrical power outside of the enclosure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Embodiments of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description and the appended claims and drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a system;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the system in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a variation of the system;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of another variation of the system;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a portion of an isolated control panel;

FIG. 6 is a diagram of a mounting for a window;

FIG. 7 is a diagram of a door sticker;

FIG. 8 is a perspective diagram of a portion of an interlock device within the industrial control panel;

FIG. 9 is a perspective diagram of a portion of the interlock device within the isolated control panel;

FIG. 10 is a perspective diagram of a relief chamber;

FIG. 11 is a perspective diagram of the relief chamber from an enclosure side;

FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a remote monitoring configuration;

FIG. 13 is a block diagram of another variation of the system;

FIG. 14 is a diagram of a variation of the system; and

FIG. 15 is a block diagram of the system of FIG. 14 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

Embodiments of the present invention include providing a method and/or apparatus for implementing risk reduction of electrical hazards that may (i) reduce a risk of shock and arc-flash hazards, (ii) reduce a risk of shock and arc-blast hazards, (iii) augment existing industrial control panels, (iv) provide low-voltage power inside the industrial control panel, (v) provide interlocks of the doors and/or (vi) be implemented in one or more housings.

Embodiments of the invention generally provide an isolated control panel (or enclosure) attachable to a common industrial control panel. The isolated control panel may allow an interior of the industrial control panel to be de-energized of all potentially-lethal electrical power. The de-energization of the interior of the industrial control panel generally eliminates shock hazards and adds a second line and a third line of defense against arc-flash and/or arc-blast hazards.

The isolated control panel may allow employers to formulate realistic electrical safety policies and procedures for qualified employees accessing the industrial control panel. The isolated control panel may also provide relevant worker safety while maximizing plant operational efficiency and further assists the employer in making sound hazard assessments at each installation. The de-energization of the industrial control panel may simplify work practices to prevent electric shock and/or other injuries resulting from either direct or indirect electrical contacts. In many instances, the isolated control panel, as part of a complete company electrical safety policy and procedure, may provide enough adequate risk reduction of a particular installation as to lower the level of personal protection equipment used by the qualified employee when entering the locked out industrial control panel.

Referring to FIG. 1, a diagram of a system 80 is shown. The system (or apparatus) 80 generally comprises an enclosure (or housing) 82 and an enclosure (or housing) 100. The enclosure 82 may implement a common industrial control panel. The enclosure 100 may implement an isolated control panel. The isolated control panel 100 may be mechanically attachable to an external side of the industrial control panel 82.

The industrial control panel 82 may be operational to switch and/or route high-voltage electrical power (e.g., 575 volts AC three-phase power) from an input source to one or more external loads. The industrial control panel 82 generally comprises a handle (or lever) 84 mounted on a front of the industrial control panel 82. The handle 84 may implement a main power disconnect handle having an “on” position and an “off” position. The main power disconnect handle 84 may include a typical interlock mechanism that prevents a door of the industrial control panel 82 from opening while the main power disconnect handle 84 is in the “on” position. The interlock mechanism may allow the door of the industrial control panel 82 to be manually opened while the main power disconnect handle 84 is in the “off” position.

The isolated control panel 100 generally comprises an enclosure (or housing) 101 and a door 118. The enclosure 101 generally comprises multiple indicators (or lights) 102, multiple test points (or stations) 104, multiple indicators (or lights) 106, multiple test points (or stations) 108, an indicator (or light) 110, a lever (or switch) 112, a window 114, an optional window 116, multiple hinges 120 a-120 b, a lever (or handle) 122 and one or more blocks (or circuits) 124.

The enclosure 101 may implement a rectangular-shaped box. The enclosure 101 may be configured to house various components and provide mechanical protection against electrical shock hazards, arc-flash hazards and/or arc-blast hazards. The enclosure 101 may be fabricated of an electrically conductive material (e.g., steel) and is electrically connected to the industrial control panel 82 for grounding purposes. In various embodiments, the enclosure 101 may be several feet tall (e.g., 46 inches), by approximately a foot wide (e.g., 15 inches) and approximately a foot deep (e.g., 12 inches). Other dimensions may be implemented to meet the design criteria of a particular application.

The indicators 102 may implement multi-phase (e.g., three-phase) line-side voltage indicators. Each line-side voltage indicator 102 may be operational to illuminate while electrical power is present on a corresponding line-side power supply line. If electrical power is absent from any one or more of the line-side power supply lines, the corresponding line-side voltage indicator 102 may be dark. In some embodiments, the line-side voltage indicators 102 may be mounted in the door 118.

The test points 104 may implement multi-phase (e.g., three-phase) line-side non-contact or high-impedance touch-test-point voltage test stations. Each test station 104 may be operational to provide test voltages indicative of the voltage on a corresponding line-side power supply line (e.g., phase-to-phase voltages and/or phase-to-ground voltages). The test stations 104 may be configured to provide electrical isolation between the line-side power supply lines and contact points on the exterior of the test stations 104. In some embodiments, the test stations 104 may be mounted in the door 118.

The indicators 106 may implement multi-phase (e.g., three-phase) load-side voltage indicators. Each load-side voltage indicator 106 may be operational to illuminate while electrical power is present on a corresponding load-side power supply line. If electrical power is absent from any one or more of the load-side power supply lines, the corresponding load-side voltage indicator 104 may be dark. In some embodiments, the line-side voltage indicators 106 may be mounted in the door 118.

The test points 108 may implement multi-phase (e.g., three-phase) load-side non-contact or high-impedance touch-test-point voltage test stations. Each test station 108 may be operational to provide test voltages indicative of the voltage on a corresponding load-side power supply line (e.g., phase-to-phase voltages and/or phase-to-ground voltages). The test stations 108 may be configured to provide electrical isolation between the load-side power supply lines and contact points on the exterior of the test stations 108. In some embodiments, the test stations 108 may be mounted in the door 118.

The light 110 may implement a control power status light for low-voltage. The control power status light 110 may be visible from the exterior of the enclosure 101. The control power status light 110 may be illuminated while a low-voltage power is present inside the enclosure 101. The control power status light 110 may be dark while the low-voltage power is absent from inside the enclosure 101. In various embodiments, the control power status light 110 may be mounted in the door 118.

The lever 112 may implement a control power disconnect lever. In some embodiments, the lever 112 may be a fused control power disconnect lever. The control power disconnect lever 112 is generally operational to switch electrical supply power to a power converter that generates one or more lower voltages (e.g., 120 volts AC single-phase power and/or 24 volt DC power). While the control power disconnect lever 112 is in an “on” position, the electrical power may be transferred from a power line to the power converter inside the isolated control panel 100. While the control power disconnect lever 112 is in an “off” position, the electrical power may be isolated from the power converter.

The window 114 may implement an explosion proof front viewing window. The window 114 may provide a view of the interior of the enclosure 101. In various embodiments, the front window 114 may be positioned on the door 118 to show a front view of a main power disconnect switch. Other locations of the window 114 may be implemented to meet the design criteria of a particular application.

The window 116 may implement an explosion proof side viewing window. The side window 116 may provide another view of the interior of the enclosure 101 from a different angle than the window 114. In various embodiments, the side window 116 may be positioned on a side of the enclosure 101 to show a side view of the main power disconnect switch. Other locations of the window 116 may be implemented to meet the design criteria of a particular application.

The hinges 120 a-120 b may be configured to pivotally attach the door 118 to the enclosure 101. While two hinges 120 a-120 b are illustrated, other numbers of hinges may be implemented. In some embodiments, a single piano-style hinge may be used to secure the door 118 to the enclosure 101.

The lever 122 may implement a door lever. The lever 122 is generally operational to hold the door 118 shut while the door 118 is closed and the lever 122 is in a “closed” position. While the lever 122 is in an “open” position, the door 118 may be free to rotate about the hinges 120 a-120 b, if safety interlocks permit.

The circuit 124 may implement one or more low-voltage (e.g., 120 volt AC) receptacles. The receptacles 124 may receive single-phase electrical power from the power converter. While electrical power is present in the power converter, a power line may transfer the electrical power (e.g., 120 volt AC power) through a power line to the receptacles 124. One or more of the receptacles 124 may be mounted on a side surface (as illustrated), top surface and/or bottom surface of the enclosure 101 and may be accessible from outside the enclosure 101. In various embodiments, one or more receptacles 124 may be mounted in the door 118. In some embodiments, one or more receptacles 124 may be mounted inside the enclosure 101.

Referring to FIG. 2, a block diagram of an example implementation of the system 80 is shown in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. The industrial control panel 82 generally includes the main power disconnect handle 84, a branch circuit protector 86, a low-voltage wire 88 and a power line 90. The isolated control panel 100 generally includes the line-side voltage indicators 102, the line-side test station 104, the load-side voltage indicators 106, the load-side test station 108, the control power status light 110, the control power disconnect lever 112, the front window 114 and the side window 116. The isolated control panel 100 may also comprise a block (or circuit) 130, a block (or circuit) 132, a block (or circuit) 134, an interlock device (or mechanism) 136, one or more blocks (or circuits) 138, an interlock device (or mechanism) 142, a power line (or wire) 150, a power line (or wire) 152, a power line (or wire) 154, a power line (or wire) 156, a power line (or wire) 160, a power line (or wire) 162, a power line (or wire) 164, a power line (or wire) 165, a power line (or wire) 166, and a cable actuator (or link) 170.

The circuit 130 may implement a line-side power distribution block. The line-side power distribution block 130 is generally operational to distribute multiple-phase (e.g., three-phase) line-side electrical power from the multi-phase power line 150 to the circuit 132. The electrical power may be transferred from the line-side power distribution block 130 to the block 132 via the multi-phase line-side power line 152. In various embodiments, the line-side power distribution block 130 may also distribute single-phase electrical power to the control power disconnect lever 112 via the power line 168. The current available on the power lines 150, 152 and 168 may be a hazardous available fault current.

The circuit 132 may implement a main power disconnect switch. The main power disconnect switch 132 is generally operational to alternately connect and disconnect the multi-phase electrical power received from the line-side power distribution block 130 to the circuit 134 via the load-side power line 154. The main power disconnect switch 132 may be controlled by the cable actuator 170. In some embodiments, the power lines 150 and 168 may be connected directly to the main power disconnect switch 132 and the line-side power distribution block 130 may be eliminated. The multi-phase electrical power received by the main power disconnect switch 132 may also be transferred to the line-side voltage indicator 102 and the line-side test station 104 via the multi-phase power line 160.

The circuit 134 may implement a load-side power distribution block. The load-side power distribution block 134 is generally operational to distribute multiple-phase (e.g., three-phase) load-side electrical power received from the main power disconnect switch 132 to the industrial control panel 82 via the multi-phase power line 156. The electrical power from the output side of the load-side power distribution block 134 may be connected to the branch circuit protector 86, located in the industrial control panel 82. The power line 156 may pass through one or more apertures 140 in the walls of the isolated control panel 100 and continue in the industrial control panel 82 as the power line 90. The power line 90 is generally connected to the branch circuit protector 86. The multi-phase electrical power received by the load-side power distribution block 134 may also be transferred to the load-side voltage indicator 106 and the load-side test station 108 via the multi-phase power line 162.

The interlock device 136 is generally operational to keep the door 118 in the closed position while the control power disconnect lever 112 is in the “on” position. While the control power disconnect lever 112 is in the “off” position, the interlock device 136 may allow the door 118 to be open, if the door lever 122 and the interlock device 142 permit.

Each circuit 138 may implement a power converter circuit (one shown for clarity). Each power converter 138 is generally operational to convert single-phase electrical power received from the control power disconnect lever 112 into low-voltage electrical power (e.g., 24 volts DC power or 120 volts AC power). The single-phase electrical power may be transferred via the power line 166. In some embodiments, a single power converter 138 may be implemented. In other embodiments, multiple (e.g., 2) power converters 138 may be implemented, each generating the same type or a different type of low-voltage electrical power. For example, the power converter 138 may implement a transformer and/or rectifier that converts 600 volt AC electrical power or 480 volt AC electrical power to 120 volt AC electrical power and/or 24 volt DC electrical power.

Single-phase electrical power may be received by the power converter 138 from the line-side power distribution block 130 through the control power disconnect lever 112. While the control power disconnect lever 112 is in the “on” position, electrical power may be supplied from the line-side power distribution block 130, through power line 168, through the control power disconnect lever 112, and through the power line 166 to the power converter 138. While the control power disconnect lever 112 is in the “off” position, no electrical power is provided to the power converter 138.

The low-voltage power may be presented by the power converter 138 on the power lines 164 and 165 while electrical power is received on the power line 166. The power line 164 may transfer the low-voltage power to the control power status light 110. The power line 165 may transfer the low-voltage power through one or more of the apertures 140 where the line continues inside the industrial control panel 82 as the low-voltage wire 88.

The apertures 140 may be implemented as gasketed apertures. The apertures 140 are generally configured to provide passage between an interior of the industrial control panel 82 and an interior of the isolated control panel 100. The apertures 140 may convey multiple power lines/wires and the cable actuator 170.

The interlock device 142 is generally configured to prevent the door 118 of the isolated control panel 100 and/or a door of the industrial control panel 82 from opening when the main power disconnect handle 84 is in the “on” position. The interlock device 142 may be defeatable with a standard tool. The interlock device 142 may also prevent the main power disconnect handle 84 from moving from the “off” position to the “on” position when the door 118 of the isolated control panel 100 and/or the door of the industrial control panel 82 is open. The locking feature of the interlock device 142 with the main power disconnect handle 84 may also be defeatable with a standard tool.

The cable actuator 170 generally provides a mechanical link between the main power disconnect switch 132, located inside the isolated control panel 100, and the main power disconnect handle 84, located on the industrial control panel 82. The cable actuator 170 may be connected such that operating the main power disconnect handle 84 also operates the main power disconnect switch 132 in a synchronic manner. The cable actuator 170 may pass between the isolated control panel 100 and the industrial control panel 82, through at least one of the apertures 140.

Referring to FIG. 3, a block diagram of another example implementation of a system 80 a is shown. The system 80 a may be a variation of the system 80. The system 80 a generally comprises the system 80 with an additional enclosure (or housing) 180 and a conduit 182. The line-side power distribution block 130 may be mounted in the enclosure 180. The enclosure 180 may be mounted to a top of the industrial control panel 82. The multi-phase power line 150 may be received by the line-side power distribution block 130. The ridged conduit 182 may convey the multi-phase power line 152 from the line-side power distribution block 130 to the main power disconnect switch 132. The conduit 182 may also convey the power line 168 from the line-side power distribution block 130 to the control power disconnect lever 112.

Referring to FIG. 4, a block diagram of another example implementation of a system 80 b is shown. The system 80 b may be a variation of the system 80 a with a modified industrial control panel 82 a. The power from the output side of the load-side power distribution block 134 may be connected to the branch circuit protector 86 located in the industrial control panel 82 a, as in the system 80 a. The multi-phase power line 156 generally passes through the one or more apertures 140 a of the isolated control panel 100 and the industrial control panel 82 a. The apertures 140 a may transfer the electrical power to the power line 90 through the use of a rated disconnect plug 92 and a corresponding receptacle 94.

Referring to FIG. 5, a block diagram of an example implementation of a portion of the isolated control panel 100 is shown. The isolate control panel 100 may include the control power status light 110, the receptacles 124, the power converter 138, a block (or circuit) 220, a block (or circuit) 224 and a block (or circuit) 226. The isolated control panel 100 may also include a power line (or wire) 200, a power line (or wire) 202, a power line (or wire) 204 and a power line (or wire) 206.

The circuit 220 may implement a horn and/or a beacon. The horn/beacon may be operational to trigger while the door 118 is open and electrical power is present on the line-side power distribution block 130. While electrical power is present on the line-side power distribution block 130, the power line 168 may transfer the electrical power to the power line 200 and to the horn/beacon 220. A power line 202 may provide electrical power from the power converter 138 to the receptacles 124. The power line 164 may provide electrical power to the control power status light 110.

The circuit 224 may implement a light on the interior of the enclosure 101. The interior light 224 may be powered from the power converter 138 via the power line 204. The interior line 224 may include an exterior on/off switch that enables the interior light 224 to be switched on when desired, and off when not in use.

The circuit 226 may implement a programmable controller. The programmable 226 may be operational to monitor various auxiliary signals inside the enclosure 101 and report the status of the auxiliary signals to a remote monitoring station. The programmable controller 226 may be powered by the power converter 138 through the power line 206.

Referring to FIG. 6, a diagram of an example mounting of a window is shown. The window illustrated may be representative of the front window 114 and/or the side window 116. A wall 240 of the isolated control panel 100 may include an opening 242 for each window. For the front window 114, the opening 242 may be formed in the door 118. For the side window 116, the opening 242 may be formed in the enclosure 101. In some embodiments, the opening 242 may be generally rectangular in shape. Other shapes of openings may be implemented to meet the design criteria of a particular application. Each window 114/116 may be mounted on an interior side of the wall 240. Any pressure created by an arc-flash and/or arc-blast inside the isolated control panel 100 generally forces the windows 114 and 116 against the wall 240, thereby containing the pressure and preventing an electrical worker (or operator or person) and/or bystander from being exposed to the blast.

Respective frames 244 may be configured to hold the windows 114 and 116 against the wall 240. Each frame 244 may include an opening 246 aligned with the opening 242. The opening 246 may be generally rectangular in shape. Other shapes of openings may be implemented to meet the design criteria of a particular application. Multiple (four) bolts 248 a-248 n may be welded to the wall 240 proximate each window 114/116. The bolts 248 a-248 n may be inserted into corresponding holes in the frame 244 to allow the frame 244 to encapsulate the window 114/116. Multiple nuts 250 a-250 n may be tightened to the bolts 248 a-248 n to secure the frame 244 and the window 114/116 to the wall 240.

Referring to FIG. 7, a diagram of an example implementation of a sticker located on an exterior side of the door 118 is shown. The sticker may include a schematic (or wiring diagram) 260 of the electrical power routing, fuses (e.g., F1, F2, F3 and F4), and switches included in the isolated control panel 100. The schematic 260 generally allows the electrical worker to see how the electrical power is routed from the top of the isolated control panel 100 (e.g., 575 volt 3-phase 60 Hertz line-side electrical power) to the electrical power transferred to the industrial control panel 82 at the lower lefthand side of the schematic 260.

Referring to FIG. 8, a perspective diagram of an example implementation of a portion of the interlock device 142 within the industrial control panel 82 is shown. The interlock device 142 may include a disk 270. While the door 118 of the isolated control panel 100 is open, the disk 270 may be biased by a spring to reside in the path of a defeater lever 96 of the main power disconnect handle 84. As shown, the disk 270 may reside in a “de-energized” position that prevents the defeater lever 96 from being moved downward. With the defeater lever 96 in an upward position, as shown, the main power disconnect handle 84 cannot be moved from the “off” position to the “on” position. The disk 270 may prevent the main electrical power from being turned on inside the industrial control panel 82 and inside the isolated control panel 100 on the load side past the main power disconnect switch 132.

Referring to FIG. 9, a perspective diagram of a portion of the interlock device 142 within the isolated control panel 100 is shown. The interlock device 142 may further include a rod 272 attached to the disk 270, and a latch 274 attached to the door 118. With the door 118 open, as shown, the rod 272 and disk 270 are biased toward the isolated control panel 100 and may prevent the defeater lever 96 from being moved downward.

As the door 118 of the isolated control panel 100 is closed, a flange 276 of the latch 274 may engage a free end of the rod 272. As the door 118 continues to close, the flange 276 generally pushes the rod 272 and disk 270 toward the industrial control panel 82 (e.g., to the left as illustrated) to an “intermediate” position. The movement caused by the flange 276 may be sufficient to cause the disk 270 to disengage the defeater lever 96.

When door 118 reaches a fully closed position, the rod 272 may fall into a slot 278 of the latch 274. With the rod 272 in the slot 278, the disk 270 may be in an “energized” position and remain disengaged from the defeater lever 96. The electrical work may now switch the main power disconnect handle 84 from the “off” position to the “on” position by causing the defeater lever 96 to move downward with a tool. With the main power disconnect handle 84 in the “on” position, the cable actuator 170 may close the main power disconnect switch causing the multi-phase electrical power to flow into the industrial control panel 82 from the isolated control panel 100.

The slot 278 may be shaped to interfere with the rod 272 while the door 118 is in the closed position. Any attempt to open the door 118 with the interlock device 142 in the “energized” position may be blocked by the rod 272 striking against the latch 274. The interlock device 142 generally prevents the door 118 from being opened if the main power disconnect handle 84 is in the “on” position or in the “off” position.

To return the interlock device 142 to the “de-energized” position, the electrical worker generally opens the industrial control panel 82 and pulls the disk 270 away from the isolated control panel 100 to the “intermediate” position. While the disk 270 is in the “intermediate” position, the door 118 of the isolated control panel 100 may be opened by the operator. Once the latch 274 is clear of the rod 272, the operator may release the disk 270, allowing the disk 270 to be biased back into the “de-energized” position by the spring.

Referring to FIG. 10, a perspective diagram of an example implementation of a relief chamber 280 is shown. The relief chamber 280 may be attached to a side (e.g., a top side) of the enclosure 101 over an opening in the wall of the enclosure 101. An end of the relief chamber 280 furthest from the enclosure 101 may include a screen area 282. The screen area 282 is generally designed to allow hot gasses and flames from an arc-flash and/or arc-blast to pass through of the relief chamber 280 out into the surrounding atmosphere in a predetermined direction. The screen area 282 is generally oriented such that the hot gasses and flames are directed away from an area in front of the door 118 where the electrical worker is commonly standing.

Referring to FIG. 11, a perspective diagram of the relief chamber 280 from the enclosure 101 side is shown. The relief chamber 280 generally includes a door 284 and a latch 286. The door 284 may be hinged to swing into an interior of the relief chamber 280. The door 284 may include a handle. The latch 286 is generally configured to hold the door 284 in a closed position.

In normal use, the latch 286 generally holds the door 284 in the closed position. The closed door 284 may keep the interior of the isolated control panel 100 sealed from the outside environment. When an over-pressure situation from an arc-flash and/or arc-blast occurs, the pressure may push against the door 284. The latch 286 is generally configured to release the door 284 when a specified pressure is reached. For example, the latch 286 may release when approximately 30 to 60 pounds per square inch of pressure is exerted (e.g., from a 2,000 ampere arc at 4 inches away). The pressure may push the door 284 open allowing the hot gases and/or flames to pass into the relief chamber 280 and subsequently out through the screen area 282.

Referring to FIG. 12, a block diagram of an example remote monitoring configuration is shown. All or some of the devices inside the isolated control panel 100 may be fitted with auxiliary signaling components (or sensors) that receive low-voltage electrical power. Each auxiliary signaling component may provide one or more sensor signals to the programmable controller 226. The programmable controller 226 generally monitors the status of each signal to determine a status of each corresponding device. The status of the devices may be pushed by the programmable controller 226 to a remote monitor 300 outside the isolated control panel 100. Bidirectional communication between the programmable controller 226 and the remote monitor 300 may be provided via a network (or communication channel) 302. In various embodiments, the network 302 may be implemented as a wired network and/or a wireless network. In some implementations, the network 302 may include, but is not limited to, an Ethernet network, a Wi-Fi network or a cellular network. Other networks may be implemented to meet the design criteria of a particular application.

The remote monitor 300 may be a standard information technology (IT) system so that any outside entity may monitor and track such things as maintenance work (downtime), a circuit protector failure, an open door alarm, power consumption, etc. The programmable controller 226 may also be used for local annunciation. For example, the programmable controller 226 may control the horn/beacon 220 based on signals received from the auxiliary signaling components.

The isolated control panel 100 may include a fuse (or circuit breaker) 304 on the power line 160 and a fuse (or circuit breaker) 306 on the power line 162. The auxiliary signaling components generally comprise a sensor (or switch) 310, a sensor (or switch) 312, a sensor (or switch) 314, a sensor (or monitor) 316, a sensor (or monitor) 320, a sensor (or monitor) 322, a sensor (or monitor) 324, a sensor (or monitor) 326 and a sensor (or monitor) 330.

A signal (e.g., SWA) may be generated by the sensor 310 and received by the programmable controller 226. The signal SWA may carry door 118 open/closed information. A signal (e.g., SWB) may be generated by the sensor 312 and received by the programmable controller 226. The signal SWB may carry switch open/closed information for the main power disconnect switch 132. A signal (e.g., SWC) may be generated by the sensor 314 and received by the programmable controller 226. The signal SWC may carry switch open/closed information for the control power disconnect lever 112.

A signal (e.g., CT) may be generated by the sensor 316 and received by the programmable controller 226. The signal CT generally conveys current information for the electrical power entering the line-side power distribution block 130. A signal (e.g., FSA) may be generated by the sensor 320 and received by the programmable controller 226. The signal FSA may carry fuse status information for the fuse 304. A signal (e.g., FSB) may be generated by the sensor 322 and received by the programmable controller 226. The signal FSB may carry fuse status information for the main power disconnect switch 132. A signal (e.g., FSC) may be generated by the sensor 324 and received by the programmable controller 226. The signal FSC may carry fuse status information for the fuse 306. A signal (e.g., FSD) may be generated by the sensor 326 and received by the programmable controller 226. The signal FSD may carry fuse status information for the control power disconnect lever 112. A signal (e.g., ST) may be generated by the sensor 330 and received by the programmable controller 226. The signal ST may carry status information for the power converter 138.

The sensor 310 may implement a door switch configured to report an open/closed condition of the door 118 in the signal SWA. The sensor 312 may implement one or more switches configured to report an open/closed condition of the switches of the main power disconnect switch 132 in the signal SWB. The sensor 314 may implement a switch configured to report an open/closed condition of the control power disconnect lever 112 in the signal SWC. Other switch sensors may be implemented to meet the design criteria of a particular implementation.

The sensor 320 may implement a fuse status sensor configured to report an open/closed condition of the fuse 304 in the signal FSA. The sensor 322 may implement one or more fuse status sensors configured to report an open/closed condition of the fuses of the main power disconnect switch 132 via the signal FSB. The sensor 324 may implement a fuse status sensor configured to report an open/closed condition of the fuse 306 in the signal FSC. The sensor 326 may implement a fuse status sensors configured to report an open/closed condition of a fuse of the control power disconnect lever 112 via the signal FSD.

The sensor 316 may implement multiple (e.g., three) current toroid sensors. Each of the current toroid sensor 316 may be configured to report a current flow in a corresponding phase of the power line 150 in the signal CT. The sensor 330 may implement a power converter status sensor. The power converter status sensor 330 is generally operational to report a health of the power converter 138 in the signal ST. Other types of sensors may be implemented to meet the design criteria of a particular application.

Referring to FIG. 13, a block diagram of another example implementation of a system 80 c is shown. The system 80 c may be a variation of the system 80 b with a modified industrial control panel 82 b and an extended enclosure 126. The extended enclosure 126 may be mounted below (as illustrated), above or to a side of the enclosure 101. The extended enclosure 126 generally comprises a power line (or wires) 158 and a resistor bank 340. The receptacle 94 in the industrial control panel 82 a (FIG. 4) may be duplicated as a receptacle 94 a and a receptacle 94 b in the industrial control panel 82 b.

The receptacle 94 a may be connected to the power line 156 through the apertures 140 a to receive multi-phase electrical power from the isolated control panel 100. The receptacle 94 b may be connected to the resistor bank 340 through the apertures 140 b and the power line 158. The resistor bank 340 generally comprises multiple (e.g., three) high-power resistors connected between the phases on the power line 158.

While and the industrial control panel 82 b is open, the rated disconnect plug 92 may be manually disconnected from the receptacle 94 a and plugged into the receptacle 94 b. The receptacle 94 b generally connects the resistor bank 340 across the phases of the power line 90. The resistor bank 340 may discharge residual energy storage elements (e.g., capacitors or the like) present in the industrial control panel 82 b making the interior of the industrial control panel 82 b safe. Before closing the industrial control panel 82 b, the disconnect plug 92 may be manually disconnected from the receptacle 94 b and plugged into the receptacle 94 a.

Referring to FIG. 14, a diagram of another system 80 d is shown. The system 80 d may be a variation of the systems 80, 80 a, 80 b and/or 80 c. The system (or apparatus) 80 d may include features of the systems 80, 80 a, 80 b and/or 80 c. The system 80 d generally comprises an enclosure (or housing) 82 d and an enclosure (or housing) 100 a. The enclosure 82 d may be a variation of the enclosures 82, 82 a, 82 b and/or 82 c. The enclosure 82 d may implement a common industrial control panel. The enclosure 100 a may be a variation of the enclosure 100. The enclosure 100 a may implement an isolated control panel. The isolated control panel 100 a may be mechanically attachable to an external side of the industrial control panel 82 d.

The industrial control panel 82 d may be operational to switch and/or route high-voltage electrical power (e.g., 575 volts AC three-phase power) from an input source to one or more external loads. In some embodiments, the industrial control panel 82 d may include the handle 84 mounted on the front of the industrial control panel 82 d. In other embodiments, the handle 84 may be omitted from the industrial control panel 82 d.

The isolated control panel 100 a generally comprises an enclosure (or housing) 101 a and a door 118 a. The enclosure 101 a generally comprises the indicators 102, the test points 104, the indicators, 106, the test points 108, a handle (or switch) 109, the control power status light 110, a handle (or switch) 111, the window 114, the optional window 116, the hinges 120 a-120 b, a lever (or handle) 122 and the one or more receptacles 124

The enclosure 101 a may implement a rectangular-shaped box. The enclosure 101 a may be configured to house various components and provide mechanical protection against electrical shock hazards, arc-flash hazards and/or arc-blast hazards. The enclosure 101 a may be fabricated of an electrically conductive material (e.g., steel) and is electrically connected to the industrial control panel 82 d for grounding purposes. In various embodiments, the enclosure 101 a may be several feet tall (e.g., 46 inches), by approximately a foot wide (e.g., 15 inches) and approximately a foot deep (e.g., 12 inches). Other dimensions may be implemented to meet the design criteria of a particular application.

The handle 109 may implement a main power disconnect handle having an “on” position and an “off” position. In some embodiments, the main power disconnect handle 109 may be a fused power disconnect handle. The main power disconnect handle 109 is generally operational to switch high-voltage electrical power (e.g., 575 volts AC three-phase power) from an input source to the industrial control panel 82 d. While the main power disconnect handle 109 is in the “on” position, the electrical power may be transferred from a power line to inside the industrial control panel 82 d. While the main power disconnect handle 109 is in the “off” position, the high-voltage electrical power may be isolated from the industrial control panel 82 d.

The handle 111 may implement a control power disconnect handle having an “on” position and an “off” position. The control power disconnect handle 111 is generally operational to switch the high-voltage electrical power (e.g., 575 or 480 volts AC three-phase power) from the input source to a power converter that generates one or more lower voltages (e.g., 120 volts AC single-phase power). While the control power disconnect handle 111 is in the “on” position, the electrical power may be transferred from the power line to the power converter. While the control power disconnect handle 111 is in the “off” position, the high-voltage electrical power may be isolated from the power converter.

The main power disconnect handle 109 and the control power disconnect handle 111 may be mounted on a same side of the enclosure 101 a as the door 118 a. The handles 109 and 111 are usually mounted on a side of the enclosure 101 a (e.g., the right side) opposite the industrial control panel 82 d. To accommodate the handles 109 and 111, the hinges 120 a and 120 b may be mounted inside the isolated control panel 100 a on the side (e.g., left) closest to the industrial control panel 80 d such that the door 118 a swings open (e.g., to the left) away from the handles 109 and 111.

Referring to FIG. 15, a block diagram of an example implementation of the system 80 d is shown in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. The industrial control panel 82 d generally includes the branch circuit protector 86 (or a terminal connector or a distribution block), the low-voltage wire 88, the power line 90, a control wire 404, a switch 406, a wire 408 and an electrical actuator 410. The isolated control panel 100 a generally includes the line-side voltage indicators 102, the line-side test station 104, the load-side voltage indicators 106, the load-side test station 108, the control power status light 110, the front window 114, the optional side window 116, the main power disconnect switch 132, the power converter 138, the apertures 140 a and 140 b, the power line 150, the power line 152, the power line 154 and the power line 156. The isolated control panel 100 a may also comprise a block (or circuit) 112 a, a block (or circuit) 130 a, a block (or circuit) 134 a, an interlock device (or mechanism) 136 a, an interlock device (or mechanism) 142 a, a power line (or wire) 160 a, a power line (or wire) 162 a, a power line (or wire) 164 a, a power line (or wire) 165 a, a power line (or wire) 166 a, a power line (or wire) 168 a, an actuator (or rod or cable) 170 a, an actuator (or rod or cable) 170 b, a power line (or wire) 360, a block (or circuit) 362, a power line (or wire) 364, a block (or circuit) 366, a power line (or wire) 370, a block (or circuit) 372, a power line (or wire) 376, a block (or circuit) 378, a power line (or wire) 380, a power line (or wire) 400 and a block (or circuit) 402.

The circuit 112 a may implement a control power disconnect switch. The control disconnect switch 112 a is generally operational to alternately connect and disconnect the multi-phase electrical power received from the line-side power distribution block 130 a to the power converter 138. The control power disconnect switch 112 a may be controlled by the actuator 170 b.

The circuit 130 a may implement a line-side power distribution block. The line-side power distribution block 130 a is generally operational to distribute multiple-phase (e.g., three-phase) line-side electrical power from the multi-phase power line 150 to the main power disconnect switch 132. The electrical power may be transferred from the line-side power distribution block 130 a to the main power disconnect switch 132 via the multi-phase power line 152. In various embodiments, the line-side power distribution block 130 a may also distribute three-phase electrical power to the circuit 112 a via the power line 168 a and three-phase power to the circuit 362 via the power line 360. The current available on the power lines 150, 152, 168 a and 360 may be a hazardous available fault current.

The main power disconnect switch 132 is generally operational to alternately connect and disconnect the multi-phase electrical power received from the line-side power distribution block 130 a to the circuit 134 a via the power line 154. The main power disconnect switch 132 may be controlled by the actuator 170 a.

The circuit 134 a may implement a load-side power distribution block. The load-side power distribution block 134 a is generally operational to distribute multiple-phase (e.g., three-phase) load-side electrical power received from the main power disconnect switch 132 to the industrial control panel 82 d via the multi-phase power line 156. The electrical power from the output side of the load-side power distribution block 134 a may be connected to the branch circuit protector 86, located in the industrial control panel 82 d. The power line 156 may pass through one or more apertures 140 a-140 b (e.g., 140 a) in the walls of the isolated control panel 100 a and continue in the industrial control panel 82 d as the power line 90. The power line 90 is generally connected to the branch circuit protector 86. The multi-phase electrical power received by the load-side power distribution block 134 a may also be transferred to the block 366 via the power line 364. Electrical power may also be transferred to the circuit 402 via the power wire 400.

The interlock device 136 a is generally operational to keep the door 118 a in the closed position while the control power disconnect handle 111 is in the “on” position. While the control power disconnect handle 111 is in the “off” position, the interlock device 136 a may allow the door 118 a to be open, if the interlock device 142 a permits. The interlock device 136 a may be defeatable with a standard tool. The interlock device 136 a may also prevent the control power disconnect handle 111 from moving from the “off” position to the “on” position when the door 118 a of the isolated control panel 100 a is open. The locking feature of the interlock device 136 a may also be manually defeatable.

The power converter 138 may receive electrical power from the line-side power distribution block 130 a through the control disconnect switch 112 a. While the control disconnect switch 112 a is in the “on” position, electrical power may be supplied from the line-side power distribution block 130 a, through power line 168 a, through the control disconnect switch 112 a, and through the power line 166 a to the power converter 138. While the control disconnect switch 112 a is in the “off” position, no electrical power is provided to the power converter 138. The low-voltage power may be presented by the power converter 138 on the power line 370 while electrical power is received on the power line 166 a.

The interlock device 142 a is generally operational to keep the door 118 a in the closed position while the main power disconnect handle 109 is in the “on” position. While the main power disconnect handle 109 is in the “off” position, the interlock device 142 a may allow the door 118 a to be open, if the interlock device 136 a permits. The interlock device 142 a may be defeatable with a standard tool. The interlock device 142 a may also prevent the main power disconnect handle 109 from moving from the “off” position to the “on” position when the door 118 a of the isolated control panel 100 a is open. The locking feature of the interlock device 142 a may also be manually defeatable.

The circuit 362 may implement a terminal with optional circuit breakers and/or fuses. The terminal 362 is generally operational to distribute electrical power received from the line-side power distribution block 130 a via the power line 360 to the line-side voltage indicators 102 and the line-side test station 104 via the power line 160 a.

The circuit 366 may implement a terminal with optional circuit breakers and/or fuses. The terminal 366 is generally operational to distribute electrical power received from the load-side power distribution block 134 a via the power line 364 to the load-side voltage indicators 106 and the load-side test station 108 via the power line 162 a.

The circuit 372 may implement a power distribution block. The power distribution block 372 may be operational to distribute electrical power to the receptacles 124 via the power line 374 and to the circuit 378 via the power line 376. The power distribution block 372 may also distribute electrical power in the power line 380 through one of the apertures 140 a-140 b (e.g., 140 b). Once inside the industrial control panel 82 d, the power line 380 may continue as a power line 89.

The circuit 378 may implement an AC-to-DC power converter. The power converter 378 may be operational to convert the 120 volt AC electrical power received from the distribution block 372 to low-voltage electrical power (e.g., 24 volt DC power). The low-voltage DC power may be presented on the power line 165 a, through one of the apertures 140 a-140 b (e.g., 140 b) to the interior of the industrial control panel 82 d. The power line 165 a may continue as or be connected to the low-voltage wire 88 inside the aperture 140 b. The power line 164 a may transfer the low-voltage power to the control power status light 110.

The circuit 402 may implement a low energy power converter. The power converter 402 is generally operational to convert the high-voltage electrical power received from the load-side power distribution block 134 a to a low energy AC or DC power. The low energy power may be presented through one of the apertures 140 a-140 b (e.g., 140 a) on the power line 404 to the circuit 406.

The circuit 406 may implement a switch. In various embodiments, the switch 406 may be a tool-operated rotary switch. The switch 406 is generally operational to alternately pass or block the low energy power received from the power converter 402 from reaching the circuit 410 via the power line 408. In some embodiments, the switch 406 may be mounted to a door of the industrial control panel 82 d. In other embodiments, the switch 406 may be mounted to the door 118 a of the isolated control panel 100 a. In such designs, the power line 404 may be internal to the isolated control panel 100 a and the power line 408 may route through the aperture 140 b to the circuit 410.

The circuit 410 may implement an interlock device. The interlock device 410 may have shot pin that extends to a locked position while the low energy power is received from the switch 406. The shot pin may retract to an unlocked position when no low energy power is received from the switch 406.

The shot pin in the locked position may interfere with a catch mechanism on the door of the industrial control panel 82 d thereby preventing the door from being opened. The shot pin in the unlocked position may clear the catch mechanism thus allowing the door to be opened. When the main power disconnect handle 109 is in the “off” position, power to the interlock device 410 may be removed (e.g., the load-side power distribution block 134 a is de-energized) allowing the door to be opened. The interlock device 410 may also be defeated by setting the switch 406 to the “off” position thus allowing the door to be opened.

The functions and structures illustrated in the diagrams of FIGS. 1 to 15 may be designed, modeled, emulated, and/or simulated using one or more of a conventional general purpose processor, digital computer, microprocessor, microcontroller, distributed computer resources and/or similar computational machines, programmed according to the teachings of the present specification, as will be apparent to those skilled in the relevant art(s). Appropriate software, firmware, coding, routines, instructions, opcodes, microcode, and/or program modules may readily be prepared by skilled programmers based on the teachings of the present disclosure, as will also be apparent to those skilled in the relevant art(s). The software is generally embodied in a medium or several media, for example non-transitory storage media, and may be executed by one or more of the processors sequentially or in parallel.

The terms “may” and “generally” when used herein in conjunction with “is(are)” and verbs are meant to communicate the intention that the description is exemplary and believed to be broad enough to encompass both the specific examples presented in the disclosure as well as alternative examples that could be derived based on the disclosure. The terms “may” and “generally” as used herein should not be construed to necessarily imply the desirability or possibility of omitting a corresponding element.

While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. 

The invention claimed is:
 1. An apparatus comprising: an enclosure comprising a door; a power switch mounted inside said enclosure and configured to switch electrical power from a line-side power line to a load-side power line, wherein said load-side power line is configured to transfer said electrical power outside of said enclosure to an industrial control panel; one or more power converters configured to generate a low-voltage electrical power from said electrical power; a wire configured to transfer said low-voltage electrical power outside of said enclosure; and additional power switch mounted inside said enclosure and configured to switch said electric power from said line-side power line to said one or more power converters.
 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a power disconnect handle mounted on said enclosure and configured to control said power switch.
 3. The apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising an additional power disconnect handle mounted on said enclosure and configured to control said additional power switch.
 4. The apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising a plurality of interlock devices configured to prevent said door from opening while at least one of said power disconnect handle and said additional power disconnect handle is at an on position.
 5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said interlock devices are further configured to prevent each of said power disconnect handle and said additional power disconnect handle from moving from an off position to said on position while said door is open.
 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein (i) said one or more power converters are further configured to generate a single-phase electrical power from said electrical power and (ii) said single-phase electrical power is transferred outside of said enclosure.
 7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said single-phase electrical power is switchable by said additional power switch.
 8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said one or more power converters comprise a transformer configured to generate a single-phase electrical power from said electrical power switched by said additional power switch.
 9. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said one or more power converters further comprise an AC-to-DC converter configured to generate said low-voltage electrical power from said single-phase electrical power.
 10. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said electrical power on said line-side power line has a plurality of phases.
 11. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of test points (i) mounted on said door, (ii) accessible from outside said enclosure and (iii) configured to present at least one of (a) a phase-to-phase voltage and (b) a phase-to-ground voltage from each phase of said electrical power from said load-side power line.
 12. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising at least one of (i) a horn and (ii) a beacon configured to trigger while said door is open and said electrical power is present on said line-side power line.
 13. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: a window mounted inside said enclosure; and a frame attached to said enclosure to secure said window against said enclosure.
 14. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a programmable controller (i) mounted inside said enclosure, (ii) powered by said low-voltage electrical power and (iii) configured to report a plurality of sensor signals to a remote monitor external to said enclosure.
 15. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a resistor bank configured to discharge energy stored in said industrial control panel.
 16. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said enclosure further comprises a relief chamber configured to direct at least one of (i) an arc-flash and (ii) an arc-blast out of said enclosure in a predetermined direction.
 17. A method for risk reduction of electrical hazards comprising: switching electrical power with a power switch from a line-side power line to a load-side power line inside an enclosure, wherein said load-side power line is configured to transfer said electrical power outside of said enclosure to an industrial control panel; generating a low-voltage electrical power from said electrical power with one or more power converters; and transferring said low-voltage electrical power outside of said enclosure, wherein said enclosure further comprises one or more apertures, said enclosure is mechanically attachable to a wall of said industrial control panel, and one or more openings in said wall of said industrial control panel align with said one or more apertures in said enclosure.
 18. The method according to claim 17, further comprising: switching said electrical power with an additional power switch from said line-side of said power switch to said one or more power converters.
 19. An apparatus comprising: an enclosure comprising a door, and a relief chamber configured to direct at least one of (i) an arc-flash and (ii) an arc-blast out of said enclosure in a predetermined direction; a power switch mounted inside said enclosure and configured to switch electrical power from a line-side power line to a load-side power line, wherein said load-side power line is configured to transfer said electrical power outside of said enclosure to an industrial control panel; one or more power converters configured to generate a low-voltage electrical power from said electrical power; and a wire configured to transfer said low-voltage electrical power outside of said enclosure.
 20. The apparatus according to claim 19, further comprising a plurality of test points (i) mounted on said door, (ii) accessible from outside said enclosure and (iii) configured to present at least one of (a) a phase-to-phase voltage and (b) a phase-to-ground voltage from each phase of said electrical power from said load-side power line. 